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References for the NHS Program & Mahi Diabetes Education Program

References for the NHS Program & Report ​

Full NHS report here - Clicking this link will download the NHS Group Coaching Program Report 2022-2023

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  1. Agardh, E., Allebeck, P., Hallqvist, J. & Moradi, S. A., 2011. Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. International journal of epidemiology, , 40(3), pp. 804-818. 

  2. ​AlcoholChangeUK, 2020. Fact Sheet Alcohol Statistics. [Online] 
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  3. ​Anderson, K. N. & Bradley, A. J., 2013. Sleep disturbance in mental health problems and neruodegenerative disease. Nat Sci Sleep, Volume 5, pp. 61-75. 

  4. ​Anisman, H., 2009. Cascading effects of stressors and inflammatory immune system activation: implications for major depressive disorder.. Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience, 34(1), pp. 4-20. 

  5. ​Bakhai, C., 2021. The NHS diabetes prevention programme: here to support our population at high risk of type 2 diabetes.. Diabet Prim Care, Volume 23, pp. 65-67. 

  6. ​Bao, W., Li, S., Chavarro, J. E. & al, e., 2016. Low carbohydrate-diet scores and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care, Volume 39, pp. 43-49. 

  7. ​Barnard, N. D., Cohen, J., Jenkins, D. J. & al, e., 2009. A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 89, pp. 1588-1596. 

  8. ​Beavers, K. M., Brinkley, T. E. & Nicklas, B. J., 2010. Effect of exercise training on chronic inflammation. Clinica chimica acta, 411(11-12), pp. 785-793. 

  9. ​Beckles, G. L. & Chou, C. F., 2016. Disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes—United States, 1999–2002 and 2011–2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Volume 65, pp. 1265-1269. 

  10. ​Bonilla, G. S., Rodriguez-Gutierrez, R. & Montori, V. M., 2016. What we don’t talk about when we talk about preventing type 2 diabetes—addressing socioeconomic disadvantage. JAMA internal medicine, 176(8), pp. 1053-1054. 

  11. ​Bonnet, F. et al., 2005. Anxiety and depression are associated with unhealthy lifestyle in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis, 178(2), pp. 339-344. 

  12. ​Brand-Miller, J., Hayne, S., Petocz, P. & Colagiuri, S., 2003. Low–glycemic index diets in the management of diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. Diabetes care, 26(8), pp. 2261-2267. 

  13. ​Cappuccio, F. P., D'Elia, L. D., Stazzullo, P. & Miller, M. A., 2010. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, Volume 33, pp. 414-420. 

  14. ​Caton, S. J., Ball, M., Ahern, A. & Hetherington, M. M., 2004. Dose-dependent effects of alcohol on appetite and food intake. Physiology & behavior, 81(1), pp. 51-58. 

  15. ​CDC, 2017. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017. Atlanta, GA, Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services. 

  16. ​Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022. National Diabetes Prevention Program. [Online] 
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  17. ​Chatterjee, S. et al., 2018. Real-world evaluation of the DESMOND type 2 diabetes education and self-management programme. Practical Diabetes, 35(1), pp. 19-22a. 

  18. ​Chomutare, T., Tatara, N., Arsand, E. & Hartvigsen, G., 2013. Designing a diabetes mobile application with social network support. Studies Health Technol Inform, Volume 188, pp. 58-64. 

  19. ​Christine, P. J. et al., 2016. Longitudinal associations between neighborhood physical and social environments and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).. JAMA internal medicine, 175(8), pp. 1311-1320. 

  20. ​Cobiac, L. J., Scarborough, P., Kaur, A. & Rayner, 2016. The Eatwell guide: modelling the health implications of incorporating new sugar and fibre guidelines.. PLoS One, 11(12), p. p.e0167859. 

  21. ​Coccaro, E. F., Drossos, T. & Phillipson, L., 2016. Hba1c levels as a function of emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in patients with type 2 Diabetes. Primary Care Diabetes, 10(5), pp. 334-341. 

  22. ​Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Fernhall, B. & Regensteiner, J. G., 2010. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Diabetes Care, 33(12), pp. 147-167. 

  23. ​Cook, H. E., Garris, L. A., Gulum, A. H. & Steber, C. J., 2022. Impact of SMART Goals on Diabetes Management in a Pharmacist-Led Telehealth Clinic.. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, p. 08971900221125021.. 

  24. ​Cooper, A. J. et al., 2012. Fruit and vegetable intake and type 2 diabetes: EPIC-InterAct prospective study and meta-analysis.. European journal of clinical nutrition, 66(10), pp. 1082-1092.. 

  25. ​Davies, M. J. et al., 2018. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care, Volume 41, pp. 2669-2701. 

  26. ​Davies, M. J. et al., 2018. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care, Volume 41, , p. 2669–2701. 

  27. ​Davies, M. J., Heller, S., Skinner, T. C. & al, e., 2008. Effectiveness of the diabetes education and self management for ongoing and newly diagnosed (DESMOND) programme for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: cluster randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 336(7642), pp. 491-495. 

  28. ​de Koning, L., Fung, T. T. & Liao, X., 2011. Low-carbohydrate diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 93, p. 844–850. 

  29. ​De Vegt, F. et al., 1999. Hyperglycaemia is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Hoorn population: the Hoorn Study.. Diabetologia, Volume 42, pp. 926-93. 

  30. ​Delpino, F. M. et al., 2022. Ultra-processed food and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. International Journal of Epidemiology , 51(4), pp. 1120-1141.. 

  31. ​Diabetes Atlas, 2023. Diabetes Atlas. [Online] 
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  32. ​Diabetes UK, 2022. I have type 2 diabetes - what can I eat?. [Online] 
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  33. ​Diabetes UK, 2023. Free exercise videos, phone support and extras. [Online] 
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  34. ​Diabetes.co.uk, 2022. Diet for Type 2 Diabetes. [Online] 
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  35. ​Djousse, L., Khawaja, O. A. & Gaziano, J. M., 2016. Egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 103, p. 474–480. 

  36. ​Dobson, R. et al., 2018. Effectiveness of text message-based, diabetes self-management support programme (SMS4BG): two arm, parallel randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed), Volume 361, p. k1959. 

  37. ​Doherty, A. M., Gayle, C., Morgan-Jones, R. & Archer, N. e. a., 2016. Improving quality of diabetes care by integrating psychological and social care for poorly controlled diabetes: 3 Dimensions of Care for Diabetes. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 51(1), pp. 3-15. 

  38. ​Dong, J. Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y. H. & Qin, L. Q., 2011. Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.. British Journal of Nutrition, 106(11), pp. 1649-1654. . 

  39. ​Dyson, P. A. et al., 2011. Diabetes UK Position Statements and Care Recommendations Diabetes UK evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes. Diabetic Medicine Journal, Volume 28 , p. 1282–1288. 

  40. ​Esselstyn, C. B., Gendy, G., Doyle, J. & al, e., 2014. A way to reverse CAD?. Journal of Family Practice , Volume 63, pp. 356-364. 

  41. ​Evert, A. B. et al., 2019. Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: A consensus report. Diabetes Care, Volume 42, pp. 731-754. 

  42. ​Fadet, A., 2016. Minimally processed foods are more satiating and less hyperglycemic than ultra-processed foods: a preliminary study with 98 ready-to-eat foods.. Food and Function Journal , 7(5), pp. 2338-2346. 

  43. ​Feinman, R. D. et al., 2015. Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: Critical review and evidence base. Nutrition, Volume 31, p. 1–13. 

  44. ​Foster, C. & Armstrong, M. E., 2018. What types of physical activities are effective in developing muscle and bone strength and balance?. Journal of Frailty, Sarcopenia & Falls, 3(2), p. 58. 

  45. ​Fung, T. T., van Dam, R. M., Hankinson, S. E. & al, e., 2010. Low-carbohydrate diets and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: two cohort studies. Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 153, pp. 289-298. 

  46. ​Gan, Y., Yang, C. & Tong, X. e. a., 2015. Shift work and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies.  . Occupation and Environmental Medicine , 72(1), pp. 72-78. 

  47. ​Garber, A. J., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I. & al, e., 2018. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm–2018 executive summary.. Endocrine Practice, 24(1), pp. 91-121. 

  48. ​Golden, S. H., Lazo, M. & Carnethon, M. e. a., 2008. Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and diabetes. JAMA 2008;299:2751–9. Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume 299, p. 2751–2759. 

  49. ​Goldney, R. D. & Wittert, G. A., 2009. Obesity and depression or anxiety. BMJ, Volume 339, p. 871. 

  50. ​Goodwin, R. D. & Stein, M. B., 2004. Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States. Psychological medicine, 34(3), pp. 509-520. 

  51. ​Gov UK, 2023. Ethnicity statistics. [Online] 
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  52. ​Hall, K. D., Ayuketah, A., Brychta, R. & al, e., 2019. Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake.. Cellular Metabolism, 30(1), pp. 63-77. 

  53. ​Hameed, V., Salem, V., Alessimii, H. & al, e., 2021. Imperial Satiety Protocol: A new non-surgical weight-loss programme, delivered in a health care setting, produces improved clinical outcomes for people with obesity. Diabetes, obesity and metabolism, 23(1), pp. 270-275. 

  54. ​Harcombe, Z., 2016. Designed by the food industry for wealth, not health: the ‘Eatwell Guide’.. British Journal of Sports Medicine.. 

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  56. ​Hawkes, R. E. & Miles, L. M. F. D. P., 2021. The theoretical basis of a nationally implemented type 2 diabetes prevention programme: how is the programme expected to produce changes in behaviour?.. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 18(1), pp. 1-12. 

  57. ​Heald, et al., 2020. Estimating life years lost to diabetes: outcomes from analysis of National Diabetes Audit and Office of National Statistics data. Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism, 9(4), p. 183. 

  58. ​Henry, R. R., Brechtel, G. & Lim, K. H., 1990. Effects of ketone bodies on carbohydrate metabolism in non-inuslin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, Volume 39, pp. 853-858. 

  59. ​Heraclides, A., Chandola, T., Witte, D. R. & Brunner, E. J., 2009. Psychosocial stress at work doubles the risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women: evidence from the Whitehall II study. ,. Diabetes care, 32((12), pp. 2230-2235. 

  60. ​Hex, N., Bartlett, C. & Wright, D., 2012. Estimating the current and future costs of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in the UK, including direct health costs and indirect societal and productivity costs. Diabetic Medicine , Volume 29, p. 855–62. 

  61. ​Hill-Briggs, F. et al., 2021. Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review. Diabetes care, 44(1), pp. 258-279. 

  62. ​Hodge, A. M., English, D. R., O'dea, K. & Giles, G. G., 2006. Alcohol intake, consumption pattern and beverage type, and the risk of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 23(6), pp. 690-697. 

  63. ​Huang, T., Yang, B., Zheng, J. & al, e., 2012. Cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: a meta-analysis and systematic review.. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism , Volume 60, pp. 233-240. 

  64. ​Hudson, J. L., Bundy, C., Coventry, P. A. & Dickens, C., 2014. Exploring the relationship between cognitive illness representations and poor emotional health and their combined association with diabetes self-care. A systematic review with meta-analysis.. Journal of psychosomatic research, , 76(5), pp. 265-274. 

  65. ​IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2023. Diabetes Atlas World Data. [Online] 
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  66. ​InterActConsortium, 2013. Association between dietary meat consumption and incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study. ,. Diabetologia, Volume 56, pp. 47-59. 

  67. ​InterActConsortium, 2015. Dietary fibre and incidence of type 2 diabetes in eight European countries: the EPIC-InterAct Study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies.. Diabetalogica, Volume 58, pp. pp.1394-1408. 

  68. ​Jones, A. G., McDonald, T. J., Hattersley, A. T. & Shields, B. M., 2014. Effect of the holiday season in patients with diabetes: glycemia and lipids increase postholiday, but the effect is small and transient. ,. Diabetes Care, 37(5), pp. e98-e99. 

  69. ​Katangwe, T., Family, H., Sokhi, J. & Kirkdale, C. L., 2020. he community pharmacy setting for diabetes prevention: A mixed methods study in people with ‘pre-diabetes’.. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 16(8), pp. 1067-1080. 

  70. ​Kelly, S. J. & Ismail, M., 2015. Stress and type 2 diabetes: a review of how stress contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. Annual review of public health, Volume 36, pp. 441-462. 

  71. ​Kelly, T., Unwin, D. & Finucane, F., 2020. Low-Carbohydrate diets in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes: a review from clinicians using the approach in practice.. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(7), p. 2557. 

  72. ​Khunti, J., Gray, L., Skinner, T. C. M. & al, e., 2012. Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: three year follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care. BMJ, Volume 344, p. e23333. 

  73. ​Kianmehr, H. et al., 2022. Potential Gains in Life Expectancy Associated With Achieving Treatment Goals in US Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA Network Open, 5(4), pp. pp.e227705-e227705.. 

  74. ​Kim, Y., Keogh, J. & Clifton, P., 2015. A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.. Metabolism, Volume 64, p. 768–779.. 

  75. ​Kivimaki, M., Virtanen, M., Kawachi, I. & al, e., 2015. Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals.. Lancet Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology , Volume 3, pp. 27-34. 

  76. ​Kwan, Y. H. et al., 2020. A systematic review of nudge theories and strategies used to influence adult health behaviour and outcome in diabetes management. Diabetes & metabolism, 56(6), pp. 450-460. 

  77. ​Lean, M. E. J., Leslie, S. W. & Barnes, A., 2019. Durability of a primary care-led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology, Volume 19, pp. 30068-3. 

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  82. ​Mayberry, L. S. & Osborn, C. Y., 2012. Family support, medication adherence, and glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 35(6), pp. 1239-1245. 

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  126. ​Saatchi, E. et al., 2010. The well-being and treatment satisfaction of diabetic patients in primary care. Helaht Qual Life Outcomes, Volume 8, pp. 67-74. 

  127. ​SACN, 2015. Carbohydrates and Health; Available online: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/ 445503/SACN_Carbohydrates_and_Health.pdf (accessed on 29 Decembe, Edinburgh, UK: SACN (UK). 

  128. ​Satija, A. et al., 2016. Plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes in US men and women: results from three prospective cohort studies.. PLoS medicine, , 13(6), p. p.e1002039. 

  129. ​Scheelbeek, P. et al., 2020. Health impacts and environmental footprints of diets that meet the Eatwell Guide recommendations: analyses of multiple UK studies. BMJ Open, 10(8), p. p.e037554.. 

  130. ​Schroder, H. et al., 2007. Relationship of abdominal obesity with alcohol consumption at population scale. European Journal of Nutrition, Volume 46, pp. 369-376. 

  131. ​Schulze, M. B. et al., 2008. Carbohydrate intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study. British Journal of Nutrition, 99(5), pp. 1107-1116. 

  132. ​Seligman, M. E., 2002. Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In: Handbook of positive psychology. s.l.:s.n., pp. 3-12. 

  133. ​Shamim, A. & Muazzam, A., 2018. Positive emotions as predictors in the management of type 2 diabetes. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16(2), pp. 27-33. 

  134. ​Shaya, F. T., Chirikov, V. V., Howard, D. & al, e., 2014. Effect of social networks intervention in type 2 diabetes: a partial randmoised study.. J Epidemiol Community Health. , Volume 68, pp. 326-332. 

  135. ​Shoelson, S. E., Lee, J. & Goldfine, A. B., 2006. Inflammation and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Investigation, Volume 116, pp. 1793-1801. 

  136. ​SIGN, 2017. Management of Diabetes. A National Clinical Guideline, Edingburgh UK: SACN. 

  137. ​Sjogren, P., Becker, W., Warensjo, E. & al, e., 2010. Mediterranean and carbohydrate-restricted diets and mortality among elderly men: a cohort study in Sweden. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , Volume 92, pp. 967-974. 

  138. ​Snyder, A. L., 2022. Back to the Basics with SMART Goals: a Multimodal Intervention for Adults Who Have Type 2 Diabetes.  

  139. ​Spiegel, K. et al., 2005. Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(5), pp. 2008-2019. 

  140. ​Spiegel, K. et al., 2004. Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol and thyrotropin. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89(11), pp. 5762-5771. 

  141. ​Srour, B. et al., 2020. Ultraprocessed food consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes among participants of the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort. Journal of the American Medical Association, 180(2), pp. 283-291. 

  142. ​Stopford, R., Winkley, K. & Ismail, K., 2013. Social support and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies.. Patient education and counseling, 93(3), pp. 549-558.. 

  143. ​Summers, C., Tobin, S. & Unwin, D., 2021. Evaluation of the Low Carb Program Digital Intervention for the Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes in an NHS England General Practice: Single-Arm Prospective Study. JMIR diabetes, 6(3), p. p.e25751.. 

  144. ​Tabak, A. G., Akbaraly, T. N., Batty, G. D. & Kivimaki, M., 2014. Depression and type 2 diabetes: a causal association?. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology, 2(3), pp. 236-245. 

  145. ​Thomas, C. et al., 2017. Assessing the potential return on investment of the proposed UK NHS diabetes prevention programme in different population subgroups: an economic evaluation. BMJ Open, 7(8), p. e014953. 

  146. ​Thomas, E. L., Parkinson, J. R. & al, e., 2012. The missing risk: MRI and MRS phenotyping of abdominal adiposity and ectopic fat.. Obesity, 20(1), pp. 76-87. 

  147. ​Thom, D. et al., 2013. Impact of peer health coaching on glycemic control in low income patients with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.. Ann Fam Med. , Volume 11, pp. 137-144. 

  148. ​Tonstad, S., Butler, T. & Yan, R., 2009. Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, Volume 32, pp. 791-7986. 

  149. ​Toumpanakis, A., Turnbull, T. & Alba-Barba, I., 2018. Effectiveness of plant-based diets in promoting well-being in the management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 6(1), p. p.e000534. 

  150. ​Unwin, D., Livesey, G. & Haslam, D., 2016. It is the glycaemic response to, not the carbohydrate content of food that matters in diabetes and obesity: The glycaemic index revisited.. Journal of Insulin Resistance, 1(1), pp. 1-9. 

  151. ​Unwin, D., Tobin, S. D., Murray, S. W. & Delon, C., 2019. Substantial and sustained improvements in blood pressure, weight and lipid profiles from a carbohydrate restricted diet: an observational study of insulin resistant patients in primary care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), p. 2680. 

  152. ​Unwin, D. & Unwin, J., 2014. Low carbohydrate diet to achieve weight loss and improve HbA1c in type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes: experience from one general practice.. Practical Diabetes, 31(2), pp. 76-79. 

  153. ​Unwin, D. et al., 2021. Renal function in patients following a low carbohydrate diet for type 2 diabetes: a review of the literature and analysis of routine clinical data from a primary care service over 7 years. Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity, 28(5), pp. 469-479.. 

  154. ​Valabhji, J. et al., 2020. Early Outcomes From the English National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme. Diabetes Care, 43(1), pp. 152-160. 

  155. ​Valentine, W. J. et al., 2006. Improving life expectancy and decreasing the incidence of complications associated with type 2 diabetes: a modelling study of HbA1c targets. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 60(9), pp. 1138-1145. 

  156. ​van Nielen, M., Feskens, E. J. & Mensink, M. e. a., 2014. Dietary protein intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Europe: the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study. Diabetes Care. , Volume 37, p. 1854–1862. 

  157. ​Vang, A., Singh, P. N., Lee, J. W. & al, e., 2008. Meats, processed meats, obesity, weight gain and occurrence of diabetes among adults: findings from Adventist Health Studies. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Volume 52, pp. 96-104. 

  158. ​Varanka-Ruuska, T., Rautio, N. & Lehtiniemi, H., 2018. The association of unemployment with glucose metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, Volume 63, p. 435–446. 

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​Citations for Mahi Diabetes & Metabolic Health Education Program - 2024-2026

 

Module 1 - Introduction to Metabolic Program

​

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, December 30). Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  2. Davis, R., Campbell, R., Hildon, Z., Hobbs, L., & Michie, S. (2014). Theories of behaviour and behaviour change across the social and Behavioural Sciences: A scoping review. Health Psychology Review, 9(3), 323–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.941722

  3. Hypoglycaemia | Treatment summaries | BNF | NICE. (2022). BNF.

  4. Lin, C.-L. et al. (2021). Effectiveness of health coaching in diabetes control and lifestyle improvement: A randomized-controlled trial. Nutrients, 13(11), 3878. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113878

  5. Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). (2020). NHS.

  6. Ross, J. A., Barron, E., McGough, B., Valabhji, J., Daff, K., Irwin, J., Henley, W. E., & Murray, E. (2022). Uptake and impact of the English National Health Service Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme: Observational Study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002736

  7. Saul, H., & Gursul, D. (2021). Group programmes for weight loss may be more effective than one-to-one sessions. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2771

  8. Sjöström, L. et al. (1998). Randomised placebo-controlled trial of Orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. The Lancet, 352(9123), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11509-4

  9. Sumithran, P., Prendergast, L. A., Delbridge, E., Purcell, K., Shulkes, A., & Proietto, J. (2011). Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. The New England Journal of Medicine, 5, 1597–1604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2011.08.082

  10. Type 2 diabetes - Understanding medicine. (2020). NHS.

  11. What is hypoglycaemia? | Signs and symptoms. (2022). Diabetes UK.

​

Module 2 - Introduction to Diabetes & Metabolic Health

​

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, December 30). Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  2. Davis, R., Campbell, R., Hildon, Z., Hobbs, L., & Michie, S. (2014). Theories of behaviour and behaviour change across the social and Behavioural Sciences: A scoping review. Health Psychology Review, 9(3), 323–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.941722

  3. Hypoglycaemia | Treatment summaries | BNF | NICE. (2022). BNF.

  4. Lin, C.-L. et al. (2021). Effectiveness of health coaching in diabetes control and lifestyle improvement: A randomized-controlled trial. Nutrients, 13(11), 3878. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113878

  5. Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). (2020). NHS.

  6. Ross, J. A., Barron, E., McGough, B., Valabhji, J., Daff, K., Irwin, J., Henley, W. E., & Murray, E. (2022). Uptake and impact of the English National Health Service Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme: Observational Study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002736

  7. Saul, H., & Gursul, D. (2021). Group programmes for weight loss may be more effective than one-to-one sessions. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2771

  8. Singh, G., Krauthamer, M., & Bjalme-Evans, M. (2021). Wegovy (SEMAGLUTIDE): A new weight loss drug for Chronic Weight Management. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 70(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-001952

  9. Sjöström, L. et al. (1998). Randomised placebo-controlled trial of Orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. The Lancet, 352(9123), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11509-4

  10. Sumithran, P., Prendergast, L. A., Delbridge, E., Purcell, K., Shulkes, A., & Proietto, J. (2011). Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. The New England Journal of Medicine, 5, 1597–1604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2011.08.082

  11. Type 2 diabetes - Understanding medicine. (2020). NHS.

  12. What is hypoglycaemia? | Signs and symptoms. (2022). Diabetes UK.

​

Module 3 - Introduction to Nutrition 

​

  1. Amino Acid Variability, Trade Offs, and Optimality in Human Diet, Authors: Ma, S., et al., Published in: Nature Communications, 2022.
    Nature

  2. Animal Source Foods, Rich in Essential Amino Acids, Are Important for Linear Growth and Child Development, Authors: Michaelsen, K. F., et al., Published in: Maternal & Child Nutrition, 2021.
    PubMed Central

  3. BDA - Importance of Hydration - Accessed January 2025

  4. Bernard, V. J. (2020). Macronutrients and Human Health for the 21st Century. PubMed Central.

  5. BMJ - Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes

  6. Common Beans as a Source of Amino Acids and Cofactors Supporting Metabolic Functions
    Authors: Petry, N., et al., Published in: Nutrients, 2023.
    MDPI

  7. Deane, C. S., et al. Published in: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2020.
    Cambridge University Press

  8. Deutz, N. E. P., et al., Published in: Nutrients, 2023.
    MDPI

  9. Diet and lifestyle | Information for the public | Type 2 diabetes in adults: management | Guidance. (2015, December 2). NICE. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng28/ifp/chapter/diet-and-lifestyle

  10. Dietary Protein Quantity, Quality, and Exercise Are Key to Healthy Living: A Muscle-Centric Perspective Across the Lifespan, Authors: Phillips, S. M., & Chevalier, S., Published in: Frontiers in Nutrition, 2019.
    Frontiers in

  11. Eating a balanced diet. (2022). NHS. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/how-to-eat-a-balanced-diet/eating-a-balanced-diet/

  12. Effects of High Versus Standard Essential Amino Acid Intakes on Muscle Protein Synthesis Following Energy Deficit, Authors: Pasiakos, S. M., et al., Published in: Clinical Nutrition, 2020.
    Clinical Nutrition

  13. Essential Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis: Insights into Maximizing Muscle Protein Accretion
    Authors: Volpi, E., et al. Published in: Nutrients, 2020.
    PubMed Central

  14. Facts about fat. (2020). NHS. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-types/different-fats-nutrition/

  15. Folate - Health Professional Fact Sheet. (2022, November 30). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Retrieved December 15, 2022, from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-HealthProfessional/

  16. Food Products as Sources of Protein and Amino Acids—The Case of Poland
    Authors: Górska-Warsewicz, H., et al. Published in: Nutrients, 2018.
    PubMed Central

  17. Glycaemic index and diabetes. (2022). Diabetes UK. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/enjoy-food/carbohydrates-and-diabetes/glycaemic-index-and-diabetes

  18. Glycemic Index. (2019). Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://www.swft.nhs.uk/application/files/8915/6586/5607/Glycaemic_Index_A4_2019.pdf

  19. Glycemic Load - High and Low Glycemic Loads. (2022). Diabetes UK. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diet/glycemic-load.html

  20. Henney, A.E., Gillespie, C.S., Alam, U., Hydes, T.J. and Cuthbertson, D.J., 2023. Ultra-processed food intake is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 15(10), p.2266

  21. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein and Exercise
    Authors: Jäger, R., et al., Published in: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2017.
    JISSN

  22. Islam, A., Amin, M. N., Siddiqui, S. A., Hossain, P., Sultana, F., & Kabir, R. (2019). Trans fatty acids and lipid profile: A serious risk factor to cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 1643 - 1647.

  23. Ivancovsky‐Wajcman, D., Fliss‐Isakov, N., Webb, M., Bentov, I., Shibolet, O., Kariv, R. and Zelber‐Sagi, S., 2021. Ultra‐processed food is associated with features of metabolic syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver International, 41(11), pp.2635-2645

  24. Janbozorgi, N. et al, 2021. Water intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 15(4), p.102156.

  25. Jang, S. et al, 2016. Relationship between water intake and metabolic/heart diseases: Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using public health and research perspectives, 7(5), pp.289-295

  26. Mukuddem-Petersen, J., Oosthuizen, W. and Jerling, J.C., 2005. A systematic review of the effects of nuts on blood lipid profiles in humans. The Journal of nutrition, 135(9), pp.2082-2089.

  27. NHS Hydration Advice - Accessed January 2025

  28. Starchy foods and carbohydrates. (2020). NHS. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-types/starchy-foods-and-carbohydrates/

  29. Vitale, M., Costabile, G., Testa, R., D’Abbronzo, G., Nettore, I.C., Macchia, P.E. and Giacco, R., 2024. Ultra-processed foods and human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Advances in Nutrition, 15(1), p.100121

  30. Vitamins and minerals. (2020). NHS. Retrieved December 15, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/others/

​

Module 4 - Deep Dive into Carbs

​

  1. Dias, J. and Imai, S. (2017) ‘Vegetables consumption and its benefits on diabetes’, Journal of Nutritional Therapeutics, 6(1), pp. 1–10. doi:10.6000/1929-5634.2017.06.01.1.

  2. Eating a balanced diet. (2022). NHS. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/how-to-eat-a-balanced-diet/eating-a-balanced-diet/

  3. Glycaemic index and diabetes. (2022). Diabetes UK. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/enjoy-food/carbohydrates-and-diabetes/glycaemic-index-and-diabetes

  4. Glycemic Index. (n.d.). Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://www.swft.nhs.uk/application/files/8915/6586/5607/Glycaemic_Index_A4_2019.pd

  5. Glycemic Load - High and Low Glycemic Loads. (2022). Diabetes UK. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diet/glycemic-load.html

  6. International table of glycaemic index and load - https://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/76/1/5.full.pdf

  7. Ma, X. et al. (2020) ‘Skipping breakfast is associated with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 14(1), pp. 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2019.12.002.

  8. University of Sydney Glycaemic index info - https://glycemicindex.com/

​

Module 5 - Nutrition, Medicines & Positive Psychology

​

  1. About Metformin. (2022). NHS. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/metformin/about-metformin/

  2. Afshin, A., et al., 2014. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and risk of incident chronic disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medicine, [online] 12(1), p.185.

  3. American Diabetes Association, 2024. Understanding Carbs.

  4. Aune, D. et al 2016. Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. bmj, 353

  5. Buendia, J.R. et al, 2018. Long-term yogurt consumption and risk of incident hypertension in adults. Journal of hypertension, 36(8), pp.1671-1679

  6. Calder, P.C., et al., 2019. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man. Nutrients, [online] 11(3), p.671.

  7. Chang, B et al (2023) Wheat sprouts (Triticum aestivum Linn.) cultured by a smart farm system ameliorate NAFLD through the AMPK-mediated SREBP signaling pathway. Food Science and Biotechnology, 32(11), pp.1585-1594.

  8. Choi, I. et al (2007). Suppressive effects of germinated buckwheat on development of fatty liver in mice fed with high-fat diet. Phytomedicine, 14(7-8), pp.563-567

  9. Dai, W et al 2023. Dairy product consumption was associated with a lower likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, p.1119118

  10. Dapagliflozin: a medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. (2022). NHS. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/dapagliflozin/

  11. De Vegt, F., Dekker, J. M., Ruhe, H. G., Stehouwer, C. D., Nijpels, G. B., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (1999). Hyperglycaemia is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Hoorn population: the Hoorn Study. . Diabetologia, 42, 926-93.

  12. Diabetes. (2019, July 11). NHS. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes/

  13. Ebrahimi-Mousavi et al 2022. The effect of daily consumption of probiotic yogurt on liver enzymes, steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. BMC gastroenterology, 22(1), p.102

  14. Epton, T., Harris, P.R., Kane, R., van Koningsbruggen, G.M. and Sheeran, P., 2015. The impact of self-affirmation on health-behavior change: a meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 34(3), p.187.

  15. Giosuè, A et al 2022. Consumption of dairy foods and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Nutrients, 14(4), p.831

  16. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. "The Health Benefits of Whole and Sprouted Grains." Available at hsph.harvard.edu.

  17. He, K et al 2020. Food groups and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 124(1), pp.1-13

  18. Hypoglycaemia | Treatment summaries | BNF | NICE. (2022). BNF. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/hypoglycaemia/

  19. Keshavarz, Z et al 2022. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dairy products consumption: Results from FASA Persian cohort study. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, p.962834

  20. Khalesi, S. et al 2014. Effect of probiotics on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Hypertension, 64(4), pp.897-903

  21. Kim, D.W (2009) Germinated buckwheat extract decreases blood pressure and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in aortic endothelial cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 23(7), pp.993-998.

  22. Le, K. et al. (2019). "Impact of Sprouted Grains on Glycemic Responses and Insulin Sensitivity in Diabetes Management." Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.

  23. Linagliptin: medicine to treat type 2 diabetes. (2022). NHS. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/linagliptin/

  24. Liska, D.J., Dioum, E., Chu, Y. and Mah, E., 2022. Narrative review on the effects of oat and sprouted oat components on blood pressure. Nutrients, 14(22), p.4772

  25. Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). (2020). NHS. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia/

  26. Madeson, M., & Neuhaus, M. (2017, February 24). The PERMA Model: Your Scientific Theory of Happiness. PositivePsychology.com. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://positivepsychology.com/perma-model/

  27. Mellen, P. B., et al., 2022. Effects of High Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Diets on Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Advances in Nutrition, [online] 13(1), pp. 1309-1320.

  28. Meta-analysis: Kiken, L. G., Garland, E. L., Bluth, K., Palsson, O. S., & Gaylord, S. A. (2015). From a state to a trait: Trajectories of state mindfulness in meditation during intervention predict changes in trait mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 81, 41-46

  29. Micha, R., et al., 2015. Association Between Dietary Factors and Mortality From Heart Disease, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes in the United States. Nutrition Reviews, [online] 73(suppl_1), pp.4–15.

  30. Mishra, A. et al. (2021). "Role of Sprouted Lentils in Blood Sugar Regulation." Journal of Functional Foods, 78, pp. 567-574.

  31. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), 2018. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet, [online] 390(10113), pp.2627–2642.

  32. O'Reilly, G. A., Cook, L., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Black, D. S. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions for obesity-related eating behaviors: A literature review. Obesity Reviews, 15(6), 453-461.

  33. Papakostas, G.I et al 2004. Cholesterol in mood and anxiety disorders: review of the literature and new hypotheses. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 14(2), pp.135-142

  34. Pérez-Gregorio, M.R., et al., 2024. Dietary Polyphenols: A Protective Approach Against Neurodegenerative Disorders. Applied Sciences, [online] 14(24), p.11798.

  35. Ponce-Martínez, X. et al 2018. Bread consumption is associated with elevated blood pressure among adults living in Mexico City–a sub-analysis of the Tlalpan 2020 study. Nutrients, 10(12), p.1969

  36. Pourrajab, B et al 2020. The impact of probiotic yogurt consumption on lipid profiles in subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(1), pp.11-22

  37. Ralston, R.A. et al 2012. A systematic review and meta-analysis of elevated blood pressure and consumption of dairy foods. Journal of human hypertension, 26(1), pp.3-13

  38. Randomized Control Trial: Black, D. S., O'Reilly, G. A., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2015). Mindfulness meditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment among older adults with sleep disturbances: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 175(4), 494-501.

  39. Sacks, F.M., et al., 2015. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. International Journal of Obesity, [online] 39(2), pp.281–289.

  40. Schadow et al 2023. The effect of regular consumption of reformulated breads on glycemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Advances in Nutrition, 14(1), pp.30-43

  41. Schwingshackl, L., et al., 2015. Food groups and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clinical Nutrition, [online] 34(5), pp.646–655.

  42. Schwingshackl, L., et al., 2019. Dietary patterns and risk of chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. European Journal of Nutrition, [online] 58(1), pp.243–254.

  43. Shea, S. et al 2024. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coexisting depression, anxiety and/or stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, p.1357664

  44. So, R., et al., 2020. Dietary interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. The BMJ, [online] 366, p. L2368.

  45. Sone, T., Nakaya, N., Ohmori, K., Shimazu, T., Higashiguchi, M., Kakizaki, M., Kikuchi, N., Kuriyama, S. and Tsuji, I., 2008. Sense of life worth living (ikigai) and mortality in Japan: Ohsaki Study. Psychosomatic medicine, 70(6), pp.709-715.

  46. Spruill, T.M., 2010. Chronic psychosocial stress and hypertension. Current hypertension reports, 12(1), pp.10-16

  47. Tabak, A. G., Akbaraly, T. N., Batty, G. D., & Kivimaki, M. (2014). Depression and type 2 diabetes: a causal association? The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology, 2(3), 236-245.

  48. Type 2 diabetes - Understanding medicine. (2020). NHS. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/understanding-medication/

  49. University of Sydney Glycemic Index Database. Available at glycemicindex.com.

  50. Warren, J. M., Smith, N., & Ashwell, M. (2017). A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: Effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutrition Research Reviews, 30(2), 272-283.

  51. What is hypoglycaemia? | Signs and symptoms. (2022). Diabetes UK. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/complications/hypos

  52. Wu, G. et al. (2020). "Nutritional and Phytochemical Alterations in Sprouted Grains." Advances in Food Research, 73(2), pp. 45-60.

  53. Xiao, J et al 2021. Is fatty liver associated with depression? A meta-analysis and systematic review on the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of depression and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Frontiers in medicine, 8, p.691696

  54. Xu, B. et al. (2017). "Polyphenolic Changes During Grain Sprouting and Their Implications for Antioxidant Capacity." Food Chemistry, 214, pp. 121-129.

  55. Yi-Frazier, J. P., Hilliard, M., Cochrane, K., & Hood, K. K. (2012, January). The Impact of Positive Psychology on Diabetes Outcomes: A Review. Scientific Research, 1116-1124.

  56. Zhang, S et al 2020. Association between habitual yogurt consumption and newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(3), pp.491-499

  57. Zhang, Z., et al., 2022. Association Between Dietary Carbohydrates and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PubMed

  58. Zhou, X et al 2024. Association of depression with severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from the UK Biobank study and Mendelian randomization analysis. Scientific Reports, 14(1), p.28561

  59. Zhou, X et al 2024. Association of depression with severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from the UK Biobank study and Mendelian randomization analysis. Scientific Reports, 14(1), p.28561

​

Module 6 - Healthy Habits & Long Term Health

​

  1. Bruce, L. J., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2016). A systematic review of the psychosocial correlates of intuitive eating among adult women. Appetite, 96, 454-472.

  2. Cook, H. E., Garris, L. A., Gulum, A. H., & Steber, C. J. (2022). Impact of SMART Goals on Diabetes Management in a Pharmacist-Led Telehealth Clinic. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 08971900221125021.

  3. Coupe, N., Cotterill, S., & Peters, S. (2021, August 4). Enhancing community weight loss groups in a low socioeconomic status area: Application of the COM-B model and Behaviour Change Wheel. Health Expectations, 2043–2055.

  4. Cradock, K. A., ÓLaighin, G., Finucane, F. M., Gainforth, H. L., Quinlan, L. R., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2017). Behaviour change techniques targeting both diet and physical activity in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.

  5. Fisher, L., Polonsky, W. H., Hessler, D., & Potter, M. B. (2017, June 21). A practical framework for encouraging and supporting positive behaviour change in diabetes. Diabetic Medicine.

  6. Fothergill, E., Guo, J., Howard, L., Kerns, J. C., Knuth, N. D., Brychta, R., ... & Hall, K. D. (2016). Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after "The Biggest Loser" competition. Obesity, 24(8), 1612-1619.

  7. Hawks, S., Madanat, H., Hawks, J., & Harris, A. (2005). The relationship between intuitive eating and health indicators among college women. American Journal of Health Education, 36(6), 331-336.

  8. Heilbronn, L. K., de Jonge, L., Frisard, M. I., DeLany, J. P., Larson-Meyer, D. E., Rood, J., ... & Greenway, F. L. (2006). Effect of 6-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 295(13), 1539-1548.

  9. Hood, K. K., Hilliard, M., Piatt, G., & Levers-Landis, C. E. (2015). Effective strategies for encouraging behavior change in people with diabetes. PubMed Central, 499-510.

  10. Keys, A., Brožek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O., & Taylor, H. L. (1950). The biology of human starvation. University of Minnesota Press.

  11. Mann, T., & Ward, A. (2001). Forbidden fruit: Does thinking about a prohibited food lead to its consumption?. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29(3), 319-327

  12. Mitchie, S., Atkins, L. & West, R., 2014. The behaviour change wheel. A guide to designing interventions. 1st Edition ed. Great Britain: Silverback Publishing.

  13. Overview | Behaviour change: general approaches | Guidance. (2007, October 24). NICE. Retrieved December 22, 2022, from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph6

  14. Papanas, N., Tsapas, A., Papatheodorou, K., Papazoglou, D., Bekiari, E., Sariganni, M., Paletas, K., & Maltezos, E. (2010). Glycaemic control is correlated with well-being index (WHO-5) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. PubMed.

  15. Polivy, J., Coleman, J., & Herman, C. P. (2005). The effect of deprivation on food cravings and eating behavior in restrained and unrestrained eaters. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38(4), 301-309.

  16. Snyder, A. L. (2022). Back to the Basics with SMART Goals: a Multimodal Intervention for Adults Who Have Type 2 Diabetes.

  17. Van Dyke, N., & Drinkwater, E. J. (2014). Review article relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators: literature review. Public Health Nutrition, 17(8), 1757-1766.

​

Module 7 - Nutrition Tips & Tricks

​

  1. 5 A Day portion sizes. (2022, July 19). NHS. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/5-a-day/portion-sizes/

  2. 5:2 Fasting Diet Guide - Benefits, Safety and Meal Ideas. (2023). Diabetes UK. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diet/5-2-intermittent-fast-diet.html

  3. Al-Snafi, A.E. et al 2022. A review on prescription and non-prescription appetite suppressants and evidence-based method to treat overweight and obesity.

  4. Ashwell, M et al 2010. UK Food Standards Agency Workshop Report: an investigation of the relative contributions of diet and sunlight to vitamin D status. British Journal of Nutrition, 104(4), pp.603-611.

  5. Barnosky, A. R., Hoddy, K. K., Unterman, T. G., & Varady, K. A. (2014, October). Intermittent fasting vs daily calorie restriction for type 2 diabetes prevention: a review of human findings. In-Depth Review: Excess adiposity and disease, 164(4), 302-311.

  6. Bi HuaShan, B.H., Gan Yong, G.Y., Yang Chen, Y.C., Chen YaWen, C.Y., Tong XinYue, T.X. and Lu ZuXun, L.Z., 2015. Breakfast skipping and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

  7. Borgundvaag, E., Mak, J. and Kramer, C.K., 2021. Metabolic impact of intermittent fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(3), pp.902-911.

  8. Carbohydrates Food Fact Sheet, (2013). Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://www.bfwh.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/BDA-Carbs.pdf

  9. Cesar, T.B., Ramos, F.M.M. and Ribeiro, C.B., 2022. Nutraceutical eriocitrin (Eriomin) reduces hyperglycemia by increasing glucagon-like peptide 1 and downregulates systemic inflammation: a crossover-randomized clinical trial. Journal of medicinal food, 25(11), pp.1050-1058.

  10. Cui, W et al 2023. Effect of mulberry leaf or mulberry leaf extract on glycemic traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food & Function, 14(3), pp.1277-1289.

  11. Diet, nutrition and obesity | Topic. (2020, November). NICE. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/lifestyle-and-wellbeing/diet--nutrition-and-obesity

  12. Greyling, A et al 2020. Acute glycemic and insulinemic effects of low-energy sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

  13. Hayakawa, M et al 2018. Secretion of GLP-1 but not GIP is potently stimulated by luminal d-Allulose (d-Psicose) in rats.

  14. Healthy weight loss. (2023). British Nutrition Foundation. Retrieved February 2, 2023, from https://www.nutrition.org.uk/health-conditions/overweight-obesity-and-weight-loss/healthy-weight-loss/

  15. Institutes of Health (USA) - Vitamin D Factsheet for Health Professionals - Accessed December 2024

  16. Jones, L. (2019, August 19). Dairy Benefits | British Dietetic Association (BDA). British Dietetic Association. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/dairy-benefits.html

  17. Khalafi, M., Habibi Maleki, A., Symonds, M.E., Rosenkranz, S.K., Rohani, H. and Ehsanifar, M., 2024. The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(9), pp.3830-3841.

  18. Khan, A., Safdar, M., Ali Khan, M.M., Khattak, K.N. and Anderson, R.A., 2003. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 26(12), pp.3215-3218.

  19. Krul-Poel, Y.H. et al, 2017. Management of endocrine disease: the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of endocrinology, 176(1), pp. R1-R14.

  20. Lan, J. et al 2015. Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension.

  21. Lan, J. et al 2015. Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension.

  22. Lin, L.Y. et al 2021. Distribution of vitamin D status in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank. BMJ open, 11(1), p.e038503.

  23. Mazi, T.A. et al 2023. Erythritol: An in-depth discussion of its potential to be a beneficial dietary component.

  24. Nas, A., Mirza, N., Hägele, F., Kahlhöfer, J., Keller, J., Rising, R., Kufer, T.A. and Bosy-Westphal, A., 2017. Impact of breakfast skipping compared with dinner skipping on regulation of energy balance and metabolic risk. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 105(6), pp.1351-1361.

  25. NHS Website Vitamin D - Accessed December 2024

  26. Özturan, A., Arslan, S., Kocaadam, B., Elibol, E., İmamoğlu, İ. and Karadağ, M.G., 2019. Effect of inositol and its derivatives on diabetes: a systematic review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 59(7), pp.1124-1136.

  27. Patikorn, C., Roubal, K., Veettil, S.K., Chandran, V., Pham, T., Lee, Y.Y., Giovannucci, E.L., Varady, K.A. and Chaiyakunapruk, N., 2021. Intermittent fasting and obesity-related health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. JAMA network open, 4(12), pp.e2139558-e2139558.

  28. Pintaudi, B., Di Vieste, G. and Bonomo, M., 2016. The effectiveness of Myo‐inositol and D‐chiro inositol treatment in type 2 diabetes. International journal of endocrinology, 2016(1), p.9132052.

  29. Pludowski, P. et al 2018. Vitamin D supplementation guidelines. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 175, pp.125-135.

  30. Regnat, K. et al 2018. Erythritol as sweetener—wherefrom and whereto?

  31. Ribeiro, C.B., Ramos, F.M., Manthey, J.A. and Cesar, T.B., 2019. Effectiveness of Eriomin® in managing hyperglycemia and reversal of prediabetes condition: A double‐blind, randomized, controlled study. Phytotherapy Research, 33(7), pp.1921-1933.

  32. Rosenfeld, R. M., Kelly, J. H., Agarwal, M., Aspry, K., Barnett, T., Davis, B. C., Fields, D., Gaillard, T., Gulati, M., Guthrie, G. E., Moore, D. J., Panigrahi, G., Rothberg, A., Sannidhi, D. V., Weatherspoon, L., Pauly, K., & Karlsen, M. C. (2022, May 18). Dietary Interventions to Treat Type 2 Diabetes in Adults with a Goal of Remission: An Expert Consensus Statement from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med, 342-362.

  33. Shahinfar, H et al 2022. Dose-dependent effect of vinegar on blood pressure: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 71, p.102887

  34. Shams‐Rad, S., Mohammadi, M., Ramezani‐Jolfaie, N., Zarei, S., Mohsenpour, M. and Salehi‐Abargouei, A., 2020. Hesperidin supplementation has no effect on blood glucose control: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 86(1), pp.13-22.

  35. Sohouli, M.H et al 2022. Effects of vinegar consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 55, p.102176

  36. Sukriket, P., Lookhanumarnjao, S. and Bumrungpert, A., 2016. The effect of mulberry leaf tea on postprandial glycemic control and insulin sensitivity: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 6(1), pp.33-37.

  37. Tangkiatkumjai, M., et al 2020. Potential factors that influence usage of complementary and alternative medicine worldwide: a systematic review.

  38. Teysseire, F., et al 2023. Metabolic effects and safety aspects of acute D-allulose and erythritol administration in healthy subjects.

  39. Understanding calories. (2019, August 23). NHS. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-weight/managing-your-weight/understanding-calories/

  40. Vitale, R., & Kim, Y. (2020, December). The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Glycemic Control and Body Composition in Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. National Library of Medicine, 450-461.

  41. Xie, W et al 2022. Glucose-lowering effect of berberine on type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

  42. Xie, W et al 2022. Glucose-lowering effect of berberine on type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

  43. Ye, M., 2009. Neuropharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of berberine: a review of recent research.

  44. Ye, M., 2009. Neuropharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of berberine: a review of recent research.

  45. Yin, J.et al 2012. Effects and mechanisms of berberine in diabetes treatment. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2(4), pp.327-334.

  46. Yin, J.et al 2012. Effects and mechanisms of berberine in diabetes treatment. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2(4), pp.327-334.

  47. Zarezadeh, M., et al 2022. Inositol supplementation and body mass index: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials. Obesity Science & Practice, 8(3), pp.387-397.

​

Module 8 - Movement & Motivation 

​

  1. Ainsworth, B.E., Haskell, W.L., Whitt, M.C., Irwin, M.L., Swartz, A.M., Strath, S.J., O Brien, W.L., Bassett, D.R., Schmitz, K.H., Emplaincourt, P.O. and Jacobs, D.R., 2000. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 32(9; SUPP/1), pp.S498-S504.

  2. Anderson, P.M. and Roberts, C.J. (2023). Is there an optimal time of day for exercise? A review of the evidence. Diabetes Spectrum, 36(2), pp. 146-155.

  3. Borror, A., et al (2018). The effects of postprandial exercise on glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 48, pp.1479-1491.

  4. Brown, A.L. and Garcia, F. (2008). Exercise and sleep quality in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(2), pp. 118-122

  5. CDC. Chronic Disease Fact Sheet: Physical Inactivity. (2022). CDC.

  6. Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2007). The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. New England journal of medicine, 357(4), 370-379

  7. Church, T.S et al 2010. Effects of aerobic and resistance training on hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Jama, 304(20), pp.2253-2262

  8. Clark, L. and Wong, K. (2003). Exercise and sleep: A review of the literature. Journal of Sleep Research, 12(2), pp. 169-179.

  9. Colberg, S.R. et al. (2009) ‘Postprandial walking is better for lowering the glycemic effect of dinner than pre-dinner exercise in type 2 diabetic individuals’, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 10(6), pp. 394–397. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2009.03.015.

  10. Cornelissen, Veronique A., and Neil A. Smart. "Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis." Journal of the American heart association 2, no. 1 (2013): e004473.

  11. Exercise calorie calculator - Calculate calories burned. (n.d.). World Cancer Research Fund. Retrieved April 20, 2023, from https://www.wcrf-uk.org/health-advice-and-support/health-checks/exercise-calorie-calculator/?

  12. Fitness Studio exercise videos. (2022, November 11). NHS. Retrieved April 20, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nhs-fitness-studio/

  13. Gill, J.M., et al., (2002). Moderate exercise and post-prandial metabolism: issues of dose-response. Journal of sports sciences, 20(12), pp.961-967. Goto, S., et al (2007.)

  14. GOV UK. Home Physical activity: applying All Our Health. (2022, March 10). GOV.UK

  15. Haseler, C., Crooke, R. and Haseler, T., 2019. Promoting physical activity to patients, BMJ, 366

  16. Hashida, R et al 2017. Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. Journal of hepatology, 66(1), pp.142-152

  17. Herrmann, S.D. et al 2024. 2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: A third update of the energy costs of human activities. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 13(1), pp.6-12.

  18. Hormetic effects of regular exercise in aging: correlation with oxidative stress. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 32(5), pp.948-953

  19. How to improve your strength and flexibility. (2022, November 18). NHS. Retrieved April 20, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/strength-and-flexibility-exercises/how-to-improve-strength-flexibility/

  20. Johnson, J.D. and Smith, P.R. (2012). Effects of exercise intensity on weight loss: A review. International Journal of Obesity, 36(4), pp. 615-621.

  21. Kelley, George A., and Kristi S. Kelley. "Aerobic exercise and lipids and lipoproteins in men: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." The journal of men's health & gender 3, no. 1 (2006): 61-70

  22. Kushner, R. F., & Choi, S. W. (2010). Prevalence of Unhealthy Lifestyle Patterns Among Overweight and Obese Adults. Behaviour and Psychology, 1160 - 1167.

  23. Kvam, S. et al (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.063

  24. Levine, J. A. (2004). Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). Nutrition Reviews, 62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00094.x

  25. Liu, X. and Wilson, J.D. (2018). Effect of exercise timing on glucose metabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 139, pp. 43-5

  26. Miller, S. and Thompson, R.J. (2010). Exercise and its effects on the sleep-wake cycle: A systematic review. Journal of Sleep Research, 19(4), pp. 412-417

  27. Moghetti, P. et al 2020. Walking for subjects with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and joint AMD/SID/SISMES evidence-based practical guideline. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(11), pp.1882-1898

  28. News-Medical Staff. (2024). Evening exercise is most effective in reducing blood sugar levels for overweight and obese adults.

  29. Nguyen, T.H. and Patel, M.L. (2020). Timing of physical activity and its effects on sleep quality: A review of recent research. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 56, p. 101417.

  30. NICE. Scenario: Management - adults | Management | Diabetes - type 2 | CKS | NICE. (2022). Clinical Knowledge Summaries.

  31. Online Access - The Compendium of Physical Activities 2024 - https://pacompendium.com/adult-compendium/

  32. Palazón-Bru, A. et al 2021. Which physical exercise interventions increase HDL-cholesterol levels? A systematic review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Sports Medicine, 51, pp.243-253

  33. Patel, H. et al (2017). Aerobicvsanaerobic exercise training effects on the cardiovascular system. World Journal of Cardiology, 9(2), 134. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v9.i2.134

  34. Physical activity guidelines for adults aged 19 to 64. (2021). NHS

  35. Qiu, S et al 2014. Impact of walking on glycemic control and other cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. PloS one, 9(10), p.e109767

  36. Richter, E.A. and Hargreaves, M., (2013). Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Physiological reviews.

  37. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research, 2, 3-33

  38. Sanogo, F et al (2023). Timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and its association with blood glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

  39. Sanogo, F., Xu, K., Cortessis, V.K., Weigensberg, M.J. and Watanabe, R.M., 2023. Mind-and body-based interventions improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 29(2), pp.69-79

  40. Smart et al 2018. Effect of exercise training on liver function in adults who are overweight or exhibit fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine, 52(13), pp.834-843

  41. Smith, A.D. et al 2016. Physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia, 59(12), pp.2527-2545

  42. Snowling, N.J. and Hopkins, W.G., 2006. Effects of different modes of exercise training on glucose control and risk factors for complications in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Diabetes care, 29(11), pp.2518-2527.

  43. Taylor, R.E., Huang, Y., and Scott, M.L. (2022). Evening physical activity improves sleep and reduces insulin resistance in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 45(2), pp. 315-323.

  44. Teixeira, P.J. et al. (2012) ‘Motivation, self-determination, and long-term weight control’, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), p. 22. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-22.

  45. Umpierre, D. et al 2011. Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama, 305(17), pp.1790-1799.

  46. Warburton, D. E., et al (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 801-809.

  47. Whelton, et al 2002. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials. Annals of internal medicine, 136(7), pp.493-503

​

Module 9 - Sleep 

​

  1. Broussard, J.L., Ehrmann, D.A., Van Cauter, E., Tasali, E. and Brady, M.J., 2012. Impaired insulin signaling in human adipocytes after experimental sleep restriction: a randomized, crossover study. Annals of internal medicine, 157(8), pp.549-557.

  2. BSS – British sleep society. (2016). Retrieved April 20, 2023, from https://www.sleepsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Regulation_of_the_sleep-wake_cycle.pdf

  3. Cappuccio, F.P., Taggart, F.M., Kandala, N.B., Currie, A., Peile, E.D., Stranges, S. and Miller, M.A., 2008. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep, 31(5), pp.619-626

  4. Connection between sleep and diabetes? (2010, October 1). Diabetes UK. Retrieved January 4, 2023, from https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about_us/news_landing_page/connection-between-sleep-and-diabetes

  5. Guo, X et al 2013. Epidemiological evidence for the link between sleep duration and high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep medicine, 14(4), pp.324-332.

  6. Insomnia. (2021, March 12). NHS. Retrieved January 4, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/insomnia/

  7. Knutson, K.L. (2007) ‘Impact of sleep and sleep loss on glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation’, Sleep Medicine Clinics, 2(2), pp. 187–197. doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2007.03.004.

  8. Kruisbrink, M et al 2017. Association of sleep duration and quality with blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ open, 7(12), p.e018585

  9. Mesarwi, O., Polak, J., Jun, J., & Polotsky, s. Y. (2013). Sleep Disorders and the Development of Insulin Resistance and Obesity. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, 617-634.

  10. Nedeltcheva, A.V. et al. (2010) ‘Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity’, Annals of Internal Medicine, 153(7), p. 435. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00006.

  11. Schmid, S. et al., (2008). A single night of sleep deprivation increases ghrelin levels and feelings of hunger in normal-weight healthy men. Journal of Sleep Research, 17(3), 331–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00662.x

  12. Spiegel, K. et al., 2004. Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol and thyrotropin.Journal of ClinicalEndocrinology and Metabolism,89(11), pp. 5762-5771.

  13. Spiegel, K. et al., 2005. Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.Journal of Applied Physiology,99(5), pp. 2008-2019.

  14. Tasali, E., Leproult, R., & Spiegel, K. (2009). Reduced Sleep Duration or Quality: Relationships With Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 381-391.

  15. Um, Y.J. et al 2021. Sleep duration, sleep quality, and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cohort study. Clinical and translational gastroenterology, (10), p.e00417

  16. Wijarnpreecha, K et al 2016. Short sleep duration and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 31(11), pp.1802-1807

  17. Yang, J et al 2023. Short sleep duration and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/metabolic associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep and Breathing, 27(5), pp.1985-1996

  18. Yeung, A. Y., & Tadi, P. (2022, November 20). Physiology, Obesity, Neurohormonal Appetite And Satiety Control. National Library of Medicine.

​

Module 10 - Shopping & Environment

​

  1. Alcohol and diabetes | Managing your diabetes. (2022). Diabetes UK.

  2. Alcohol Consumption UK. (2022, June 20). Drinkaware.

  3. Butnariu, M. and Butu, A., 2019. Qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of wine. In Quality control in the beverage industry (pp. 385-417). Academic Press.

  4. Emanuele, N. V., Swade, T. F., & Emanuele, M. A. (1998). Consequences of Alcohol Use in Diabetics. Alcohol Health and Research World, 211-219. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6761899/

  5. Food labels. (2022, September 16). NHS.

  6. Health Survey for England, 2019: Data tables. (2020, December 15). NHS Digital.

  7. Home Alcohol: Applying All Our Health. (2022, March 1). GOV.UK.

  8. Jarvis, H. et al2022. Does moderate alcohol consumption accelerate the progression of liver disease in NAFLD? A systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMJ open, 12(1), p.e049767

  9. Magherman, L et al 2023. Meta‐analysis: the impact of light‐to‐moderate alcohol consumption on progressive non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 57(8), pp.820-836

  10. Polsky, S., & Akturk, H. K. (2017, November). Alcohol Consumption, Diabetes Risk, and Cardiovascular Disease Within Diabetes. Current Diabetes Reports. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11892-017-0950-8

  11. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB. Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA. 2004 Aug 25;292(8):927-34.

  12. Unit and Calorie Calculator. (2023). Drinkaware.

  13. Water, drinks and hydration (2023) NHS choices.

  14. Your guide to food shopping for diabetes. (2022). Diabetes UK.

​

Module 11 - Mental Health & Stress

​

  1. Burn-out an "occupational phenomenon": International Classification of Diseases. (2019, May 28). World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases

  2. De Vegt, F., Dekker, J. M., Ruhe, H. G., Stehouwer, C. D., Nijpels, G. B., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (1999). Hyperglycaemia is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Hoorn population: the Hoorn Study. . Diabetologia, 42, 926-93.

  3. Epton, T., Harris, P.R., Kane, R., van Koningsbruggen, G.M. and Sheeran, P., 2015. The impact of self-affirmation on health-behavior change: a meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 34(3), p.187.

  4. Golden, S. H., Lazo, M., & Carnethon, M. e. (2008). Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and diabetes. JAMA 2008;299:2751–9. Journal of the American Medical Association, 299, 2751–2759.

  5. Goldney, R. D., & Wittert, G. A. (2009). Obesity and depression or anxiety. BMJ, 339, 871.

  6. Heraclides, A., Chandola, T., Witte, D. R., & Brunner, E. J. (2009). Psychosocial stress at work doubles the risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women: evidence from the Whitehall II study. , . Diabetes care, 32((12), 2230-2235.

  7. Hudson, J. L., Bundy, C., Coventry, P. A., & Dickens, C. (2014). Exploring the relationship between cognitive illness representations and poor emotional health and their combined association with diabetes self-care. A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of psychosomatic research, , 76(5), 265-274.

  8. Kelly, S. J., & Ismail, M. (2015, 12 01). Stress and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of How Stress Contributes to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. Annual Review of Public Health, 441-462. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122921

  9. Meta-analysis: Keng, S. L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 1041-1056.

  10. Meta-analysis: Khoury, B., Sharma, M., Rush, S. E., & Fournier, C. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78(6), 519-528.

  11. Meta-analysis: Kiken, L. G., Garland, E. L., Bluth, K., Palsson, O. S., & Gaylord, S. A. (2015). From a state to a trait: Trajectories of state mindfulness in meditation during intervention predict changes in trait mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 81, 41-46

  12. Mooy, J. M., De Vries, H., Grootenhuis, P. A., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (2000). Major stressful life events in relation to prevalence of undetected type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study. Diabetes care, 23(2), 197-201.

  13. O'Reilly, G. A., Cook, L., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Black, D. S. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions for obesity-related eating behaviors: A literature review. Obesity Reviews, 15(6), 453-461.

  14. Randomized Control Trial: Black, D. S., O'Reilly, G. A., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2015). Mindfulness meditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment among older adults with sleep disturbances: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 175(4), 494-501.

  15. Randomized Control Trial: Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(2), 109-119.

  16. Sapolsky, R.M., 2005. Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers. Henry Holt & Company: New York, NY, USA.

  17. Sherman, D.K., Bunyan, D.P., Creswell, J.D. and Jaremka, L.M., 2009. Psychological vulnerability and stress: the effects of self-affirmation on sympathetic nervous system responses to naturalistic stressors. Health Psychology, 28(5), p.554.

  18. Sone, T., Nakaya, N., Ohmori, K., Shimazu, T., Higashiguchi, M., Kakizaki, M., Kikuchi, N., Kuriyama, S. and Tsuji, I., 2008. Sense of life worth living (ikigai) and mortality in Japan: Ohsaki Study. Psychosomatic medicine, 70(6), pp.709-715.

  19. Stress - Every Mind Matters. (2022). NHS. Retrieved January 4, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/every-mind-matters/mental-health-issues/stress/

  20. Stress and diabetes | The impact on your wellbeing. (2022). Diabetes UK. Retrieved January 4, 2023, from https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/emotions/stress

  21. Tabak, A. G., Akbaraly, T. N., Batty, G. D., & Kivimaki, M. (2014). Depression and type 2 diabetes: a causal association? The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology, 2(3), 236-245.

  22. Warren, J. M., Smith, N., & Ashwell, M. (2017). A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: Effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutrition Research Reviews, 30(2), 272-283.

​

Module 12 - Making Progress & Moving Forward

​

  1. Craiovan, P.M., 2014. Correlations between perfectionism, stress, psychopathological 

  2. symptoms and burnout in the medical field. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, pp.529-533.

  3. D'souza, F., Egan, S.J. and Rees, C.S., 2011. The relationship between perfectionism, stress and burnout in clinical psychologists. Behaviour Change, 28(1), pp.17-28

  4. Gorin, A.A., Phelan, S., Wing, R.R. and Hill, J.O., 2004. Promoting long-term weight control: does dieting consistency matter?. International Journal of Obesity, 28(2), pp.278-281.

  5. Haskas, Y., 2019. Improvement in Diabetic Control Belief in Relation to Locus of Control. The Open Nursing Journal, 13(1)

  6. Neal, D.T., Wood, W., Labrecque, J.S. and Lally, P., 2012. How do habits guide behavior? Perceived and actual triggers of habits in daily life. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(2), pp.492-498.

  7. Ouellette, J.A. and Wood, W., 1998. Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological bulletin, 124(1), p.54.

  8. Parham, S.C., Kavanagh, D.J., Shimada, M., May, J. and Andrade, J., 2018. Qualitative analysis of feedback on functional imagery training: A novel motivational intervention for type 2 diabetes. Psychology & Health, 33(3), pp.416-429

  9. Posadzki, P., Pieper, D., Bajpai, R., Makaruk, H., Könsgen, N., Neuhaus, A.L. and Semwal, M., 2020. Exercise/physical activity and health outcomes: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. BMC public health, 20, pp.1-12.

  10. Rotter, J.B., 1966. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological monographs: General and applied, 80(1), p.1

  11. Solbrig, L., Whalley, B., Kavanagh, D.J., May, J., Parkin, T., Jones, R. and Andrade, J., 2019. Functional imagery training versus motivational interviewing for weight loss: a randomised controlled trial of brief individual interventions for overweight and obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 43(4), pp.883-894

  12. Van der Weiden, A., Benjamins, J., Gillebaart, M., Ybema, J.F. and De Ridder, D., 2020. How to form good habits? A longitudinal field study on the role of self-control in habit formation. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, p.560.

​

Module 13 - Cholesterol

​

  1. Bhatia et al 2024. Independence of Lipoprotein (a) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol–Mediated Cardiovascular Risk: A Participant-Level Meta-Analysis. Circulation

  2. Bhatt et al 2019. Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(1), pp.11-22

  3. Boekholdt et al 2012. Association of LDL cholesterol, non–HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels with risk of cardiovascular events among patients treated with statins: a meta-analysis. Jama, 307(12), pp.1302-1309.

  4. Chawla et al 2020. The effect of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets on weight loss and lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 12(12), p.3774

  5. Chiavaroli et al 2018. Portfolio dietary pattern and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Progress in cardiovascular diseases, 61(1), pp.43-53

  6. Hippisley-Cox et al 2017. Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study. bmj, 357

  7. Hodkinson et al 2022. Comparative effectiveness of statins on non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with diabetes and at risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis. bmj, 376

  8. Holtermann et al, 2021. The physical activity paradox in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: the contemporary Copenhagen General Population Study with 104 046 adults. European heart journal, 42(15), pp.1499-1511

  9. Hoogeveen et al 2014, Small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations predict risk for coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 34(5), pp.1069-1077

  10. Ingelsson et al 2007. Multimarker approach to evaluate the incidence of the metabolic syndrome and longitudinal changes in metabolic risk factors: the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation, 116(9), pp.984-992

  11. Johannesen et al 2022. ApoB and Non‐HDL Cholesterol Versus LDL Cholesterol for Ischemic Stroke Risk. Annals of Neurology, 92(3), pp.379-389

  12. Karlson et al 2016. A VOYAGER meta-analysis of the impact of statin therapy on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. The American journal of cardiology, 117(9), pp.1444-1448

  13. Manocha, A et al 2019. Non-HDL as a valid surrogate marker of small dense LDL in a young Indian population. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 34, pp.263-271

  14. McTaggart et al 2014 "Effects of statins on high-density lipoproteins: a potential contribution to cardiovascular benefit." Cardiovascular Drugs and therapy 22 (2008): 321-338.

  15. Milano et al 2022. Effects of the mediterranean diet versus low-fat diet on metabolic syndrome outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Human Nutrition & Metabolism, 30, p.200175

  16. National Institutes of Health and Excellence, C., 2015. Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification. clinical guideline. London: NICE

  17. Nissen et al 2022. Lipoprotein (a) levels in a global population with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Open Heart, 9(2), p.e002060

  18. Ridker et al, 2008. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. New England journal of medicine, 359(21), pp.2195-2207

  19. Rosengren, A., et al, 2004. Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. The Lancet, 364(9438), pp.953-962

  20. Sabatine et al 2017 Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. New England journal of medicine, 376(18), pp.1713-1722.

  21. Silva et al 2006 - Statin-related adverse events: a meta-analysis. Clinical therapeutics, 28(1), pp.26-35

  22. Tsimikas, S et al 2018. Unmet needs in understanding lipoprotein (a) pathophysiology: NHLBI working group recommendations to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(2), p.177

  23. Yokoyama et al 2017. Association between plant-based diets and plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews, 75(9), pp.683-698

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